Dong-A Ilbo
May 30, 2024
On May 7, 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) announced that they would conduct an open call through the 24th for six rideshare satellites to be carried on the fourth launch of Nuri. The primary payload of Nuriโs fourth launch, scheduled for the second half of next year (November 2025), is the Next-Generation Mid-Size Satellite No. 3. Alongside the primary payload, to promote public use and strengthen the technological capabilities of domestic industry, the government is soliciting rideshare satellites from Korean companies and research institutes with satellite-development competence.
During the roughly three-week application period, a review panel composed of experts in satellites and launch vehicles will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of โmission and development plans,โ โthe applicant organizationโs satellite-development capability,โ and โquality and safetyโ to select the rideshare satellites. The selection scope is six domestically developed CubeSats in the small-satellite class (three 6U and three 3U planned). If a mission serves a public-use purpose, launch costs may be waived.
At the time of Nuriโs third launch in May 2023, the mission carried the Next-Generation Small Satellite No. 2 as the primary payload and, through an open call, selected and launched a total of seven rideshare satellites, including the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Instituteโs โDO-yoSAT,โ LUMIRโs LUMIR-T1, Kairos Spaceโs KSAT3U, and Justekโs JAC.
Announcing the rideshare open call for the fourth Nuri launch, Lee Chang-seon, Director-General for Big Science and Public Research Policy at MSIT, said, โRideshare opportunities on Nuri offer domestic industry and research institutes an excellent chance to verify space technology on CubeSat platforms and build heritage. By discovering rideshare satellites for Nuri, we will provide a robust platform that contributes to strengthening the technological competitiveness of Koreaโs industryโacademiaโresearch ecosystem in aerospace and to developing sales channels.โ
The New Space era is approaching.
โNew Spaceโ refers to an era in which private companies lead space development, in contrast to โOld Space,โ when government-led programs drove exploration. Because space development traditionally involved low economic returns relative to massive investment, it was conducted mainly under government leadership for military or scientific purposes, with large private contractors participating in related projects.
Now, however, the convergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolutionโartificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 3D printingโwith accumulated space-development experience is enabling private companies to enter the space sector and create new opportunities. Representative services include Earth-observation offerings, such as remote sensing for maritime navigation, Earth monitoring, and disaster management, and communications services that complement the drawbacks of large satellites and deliver low-latency, ultra-high-speed connectivity.
One of the leading companies in New Space is SpaceX. By developing reusable launch vehicles, SpaceX provides satellite rideshare and launch services at lower cost than before, and it operates โStarlink,โ a communications business based on low-Earth-orbit satellite constellations. Since beginning Starlink launches in 2019, SpaceX has deployed about 5,500 satellites to low Earth orbit and plans to increase the number to 12,000 by 2027. As of the end of 2023, some two million users in 60 countries were using Starlinkโs satellite communications service.
Korea is also preparing for New Space. On April 24, 2024, the country successfully launched โNEONSAT-1,โ its first mass-produced small satellite for constellation operations, and plans to launch ten more by 2027 to operate a total of eleven simultaneously. A constellation that links eleven small satellites allows each small satellite to complement the others while performing the same missionโmuch like fighter jets carrying out a mission in formation. Once the full constellation is in place, Korea will be able to observe the entire peninsula at near-real-time levels more than three times per day.
Following the success of Nuriโs launches, the government is working to cultivate the private space industry by activating the New Space ecosystem in which the private sector leads space development. This is why launch and rideshare opportunities for small satellites are being steadily provided.
The New Space era opened by small satellites
A satellite weighing 100 kg or less is generally considered a โsmall satellite,โ and a small satellite in a 10 cm ร 10 cm ร 10 cm cube with a mass of about 1.3 kg is classified as a CubeSat. CubeSats, which are manufactured in relatively standardized form factors, are specified in sizes and masses such as 1U (Unit), 2U, and 3U. Standardization has accelerated participation by private companies, including startups.
The biggest advantage of small satellites is cost. Compared with medium-to-large satellites, they take less time to develop and are cheaper to buildโone reason private companies, such as startups, are entering satellite manufacturing and development. Since there is no longer a need to build heavy, large, multi-purpose satellites as in the past, it is possible to produce small satellites and CubeSats tailored to diverse service demands.
However, CubeSats have relatively short lifespans. While multi-purpose medium-to-large satellites are built for mission lives of about ten years, small satellites typically have mission lives of only around three years, with a failure rate of 58% within the first year. Although failed satellites can be rebuilt and relaunched quickly, there is still a need to improve their short lifespans.
The leading cause of the high failure rate for small satellites is space radiation. The breakdown is space radiation (64%), unknown causes (21%), solar wind (8%), geomagnetic storms (3%), micrometeoroids (2%), and eclipses (2%) (A Study of On-Orbit Spacecraft Failures, Siamak Tafazoli, 2009). Most failures involve electronic equipment (45%) and structures (32%) damaged by space radiation. Space radiation affects satellites by causing cumulative damage to semiconductors (performance degradation), by inducing upsets when a single high-energy heavy ion penetrates a semiconductor and displaces internal elements (displacement damage), and by generating transient pulses in circuits when radiation strikes electronic components (single-event effects).
Extending the mission life of small satellites is possible.
Space&Bean is a company working to extend the lifespans of small satellites. To help anticipate and prepare for the space environmentโespecially space radiation, the main cause of satellite failuresโit has developed a โCOTS integration solution for small satellites (a mission-specific space-environment analysis service via simulation),โ and it is producing radiation-shielded housings and CubeSats.
Min Kyung-ryeong, CEO of Space&Bean (hereafter โMinโ), said, โThe strength of small satellites is cost-effectiveness compared with medium-to-large satellites. They must be built โmoreโ and โlighter.โ Even if we design and develop them with short mission lives in mind, we still face the task of reducing the high 58% failure rate within the first year. If we can improve short lifespans, we should. Medium-to-large satellites use space-grade electronic components to achieve ten-year mission lives, but those are expensive and do not offer great performance. If we replace them with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, we can achieve high performance at low cost.โ
In practice, overseas satellite manufacturers are increasingly using COTS components depending on mission and functional requirements. Put simply, it is akin to replacing a costly, heavy, bulky space-grade CPU with Pentium-class performance with a commercial CPU of the sort commonly used in high-performance PCs. If COTS components can be used in space environmentsโsuch as under space radiationโthe cost of building satellites like small satellites can be lowered and development timelines drastically shortened.
Min added, โOur first priority is to introduce a simulation within the year. It will analyze and provide required performance matched to the satelliteโs payload, operational orbit, and shielding requirements. Radiation types vary by orbital altitude, so the types and stacking order of shielding materials must be adapted. Because radiation levels differ by altitude, shielding performance (and weight) must also be tailored to the satelliteโs operational altitude.โ
โIn line with this plan, we will analyze the absorbed dose by shielding material and provide solutions that enable the use of COTS components,โ Min said.
To support these plans, Space&Bean has established a product-performance validation process. It offers semiconductor radiation-assessment methodologies, semiconductor failure-rate analysis, and semiconductor structural analysis, andโby working with accredited space-grade semiconductor test institutions and expertsโconducts soft-error testing, reliability testing, and structural analysis. Based on the shielding materials and stacking methods derived from simulation results, the company will also manufacture and supply products that provide optimal shielding.
โโโโโโโโโโโโโโ
์ง๋ 2024๋  5์ 7์ผ, ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ณดํต์ ๋ถ(์ดํ ๊ณผ๊ธฐ์ ํต๋ถ)์ ํ๊ตญํญ๊ณต์ฐ์ฃผ์ฐ๊ตฌ์(์ดํ ํญ์ฐ์ฐ)์ด ์ค๋ 24์ผ๊น์ง ๋๋ฆฌํธ 4์ฐจ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ํ์ฌํ ๋ถํ์ฌ์์ฑ 6๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ ๊ณต๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์งํํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํํ๋ค. ๋ด๋  ํ๋ฐ๊ธฐ(2025๋  11์ ์์ )์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ ์์ ์ธ ๋๋ฆฌํธ 4ํธ์ ์ฃผํ์ฌ์์ฑ์ โ์ฐจ์ธ๋์คํ์์ฑ 3ํธโ๋ค. ์ฃผํ์ฌ์์ฑ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป ๊ณต๊ณตํ์ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ด ์ฐ์ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ์ ์ญ๋ ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์์ฑ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์ญ๋์ ๋ณด์ ํ ๊ตญ๋ด ์ฐ์ ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๋ถํ์ฌ์์ฑ์ ๊ณต๋ชจํ๋ค.
๋ถํ์ฌ์์ฑ์ ์ฝ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ์ผ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ํ๊ฐ์์๋จ์ด โ์๋ฌด ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ณํโ, โ๊ณต๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๊ด์ ์์ฑ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์ญ๋โ, โํ์ง ๋ฐ ์์ ์ฑโ ๋ฑ์ ์ข ํฉ ํ๊ฐํด ์ ์ ํ ์์ ์ด๋ค. ๋ถํ์ฌ์์ฑ ์ ์  ๊ท๋ชจ๋ ๊ตญ๋ด ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด ๊ฐ๋ฐํ ์ด์ํ๊ธ ํ๋ธ(Cube) ์์ฑ 6๊ธฐ(6U 3๊ธฐ, 3U 3๊ธฐ ์์ )์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต ํ์ฉ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋น์ฉ์ ๋ฉด์  ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ค.
์ง๋ 2023๋  5์, ๋๋ฆฌํธ 3์ฐจ ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋น์์๋ ์ฃผํ์ฌ์์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ฐจ์ธ๋์ํ์์ฑ 2ํธ๋ฅผ ํ์ฌํ๊ณ , ๋ถํ์ฌ์์ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ๊ตญ์ฒ๋ฌธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋์์, ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ LUMIR-T1, ์นด์ด๋ก์คํ์ด์ค์ KSAT3U, ์ ธ์คํ ์ JAC ๋ฑ ์ด 7๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ํด ํ์ฌํ๊ณ ๋ฐ์ฌํ ๋ฐ ์๋ค.
๋๋ฆฌํธ 4์ฐจ ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋ถํ์ฌ๊ณต๋ชจ ๋ฐํ์ ํจ๊ป ์ด์ฐฝ์ ๊ณผ๊ธฐ์ ํต๋ถ ๊ฑฐ๋๊ณต๊ณต์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฑ ๊ด์ โ๋๋ฆฌํธ ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋๋ฐ ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ตญ๋ด ์ฐ์ ์ฒด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด์๊ฒ ์์ด ์ด์ํ ํ๋ธ์์ฑ ํ๋ซํผ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฒ์ฆ๊ณผ ํค๋ฆฌํฐ์ง ํ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ข์ ๊ธฐํ๊ฐ ๋ ๊ฒโ์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ โ๋๋ฆฌํธ ๋ถํ์ฌ์์ฑ ๋ฐ๊ตด์ ํตํด ๊ตญ๋ด ์ฐ์ฃผํญ๊ณต ๋ถ์ผ ์ฐยทํยท์ฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์๋ ฅ ๊ฐํ ๋ฐ ํ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฒ์ ๊ธฐ์ฌํ๋ ๋ ๋ ํ ํ๋ซํผ์ ์ ๊ณตํ ๊ฒโ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
๋ด์คํ์ด์ค ์๋๊ฐ ๋ค๊ฐ์จ๋ค
๋ด์คํ์ด์ค(New Space)๋ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ฃผ๋ํ๋ ์๋๋ฅผ ์ผ์ปซ๋๋ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ ๋ถ ์ฃผ๋๋ก ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ ์๋๋ฅผ '์ฌ๋ ์คํ์ด์ค(Old Space)'๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋น๋๋ ๊ฐ๋ ์ด๋ค. ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๋ง๋ํ ํฌ์ ๋น์ฉ ๋๋น ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ์ฃผ๋ก ์ ๋ถ ์ฃผ๋ ํ์ ๊ตฐ์ฌ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ ๊ณผํ์  ํ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์งํํ๋ค. ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์์ฐ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ๋ํ ์ ์ฒด๊ฐ ๊ด๋ จ ํ๋ก์ ํธ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ด ์ฃผ์๋ค.
ํ์ง๋ง, ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ, ์ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํฐ๋ท, 3D ํ๋ฆฐํฐ ๋ฑ์ 4์ฐจ์ฐ์ ํ๋ช ๊ณผ ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์ตํฉ๋๋ฉฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ค๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์์ญ์ ์ง์ถ, ์๋ก์ด ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๊ฒฉ๊ฐ์ง, ํด์ ๋ด๋น๊ฒ์ด์ , ์ง๊ตฌ ๊ด์ธก, ์ฌ๋ ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์๋น์ค ๋ฑ์ ํ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ ๊ด์ธก ์๋น์ค, ๋ํ์์ฑ์ ๋จ์ ์ ๋ณด์ํ ์์ฑ์ ๋ณด์ ์ ์ง์ฐ ์ด๊ณ ์ ํต์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ตฌํํ๋ ํต์ ์๋น์ค ๋ฑ์ด ๋ํ์ ์ด๋ค.
๋ด์คํ์ด์ค์ ์ฃผ๋์  ์ญํ ์ ํด์จ ๊ธฐ์ ์ค์ ํ๋๊ฐ ์คํ์ด์คX๋ค. ์คํ์ด์คX๋ ์ฌํ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐ์ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํด ์ด์ ๋ณด๋ค ์ ๋ ดํ ๋น์ฉ์ ์์ฑ ํ์ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ฌ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ๊ถค๋ ๊ตฐ์ง ์ธ๊ณต์์ฑ์ ์ด์ฉํ โ์คํ๋งํฌโ ํต์ ์ฌ์ ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์ง๋ 2019๋ ๋ถํฐ ์คํ๋งํฌ ์์ฑ์ ์์ ์ฌ๋ฆฐ ์คํ์ด์คX๋ ํ์ฌ ์ ๊ถค๋์ ์ฝ 5500๊ธฐ์ ์์ฑ์ ๋ฐฐ์นํ๊ณ , ์ค๋ 2027๋ ๊น์ง 1๋ง 2000๊ธฐ๊น์ง ๋๋ฆด ๊ณํ์ด๋ค. 2023๋ ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ค ์ธ๊ณ 60๊ตญ 200๋ง ๋ช ์ด ์คํ๋งํฌ ์์ฑ ํต์ ์๋น์ค๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๋ ๋ด์คํ์ด์ค์ ๋๋นํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ง๋ 2024๋  4์ 24์ผ, ๊ตญ๋ด ์ฒซ ์์ฐํ ์ด์ํ ๊ตฐ์ง์์ฑ โ๋ค์จ์  1ํธโ ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ์ฑ๊ณตํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค๋ 2027๋ ๊น์ง 10๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ฌํด 11๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋์์ ์ด์ฉํ ๊ณํ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ํ์์ฑ 11๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํด ํ์ฉํ๋ ๊ตฐ์ง์์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์ด์ํ ์์ฑ์ด ์๋ก ๋ณด์ํ๋ฉฐ ๋์ผํ ์๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ํํ ์ ์๋๋ก ๋๋๋ค. ๋ง์น ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ํธ๋๋นํ์ ํ๋ฉฐ ์์ ์ ์ํํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค. ๊ตฐ์ง ์์ฑ์ ๋ชจ๋ ํ๋ณดํ๋ฉด ํ๋ฃจ 3๋ฒ ์ด์ ์ค ์ค์๊ฐ ์์ค์ผ๋ก ํ๋ฐ๋ ์ ์ญ์ ๊ด์ธกํ ์ ์๋ค.
๋๋ฆฌํธ ๋ฐ์ฌ ์ฑ๊ณต ์ดํ ์ ๋ถ๋ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ์ฐ์ฃผ์ฐ์ ์ ํค์ฐ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ ธ๋ ฅ ์ค์ด๋ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์ด ์ฃผ๋ํ๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ, ๋ด์คํ์ด์ค ์ํ๊ณ ํ์ฑํ๋ค. ์ด์ํ์์ฑ ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋ฐ ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐํ๋ฅผ ๊พธ์คํ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ์ด์ ๋ค.
์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ด์คํ์ด์ค ์๋
์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด๊ฒ 100kg ์ดํ์ ์์ฑ์ ์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๋กยท์ธ๋กยท๋์ด 10cm์ ์ก๋ฉด์ฒด์ ์ง๋ 1.3kg ์์ค์ ์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ ํ๋ธ์์ฑ(ํ๋ธ์, Cubesat)์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถํ๋ค. ๋น๊ต์  ์ ํํ๋ ํํ๋ก ์ ์๋๋ ํ๋ธ์์ฑ์ 1U(Unit), 2U, 3U ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ง๋ ๋ฑ์ ๊ท๊ฒฉํํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ท๊ฒฉํ ์ดํ ์คํํธ์ ๋ฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ ํ๋ฐํด์ก๋ค.
ํนํ, ์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ์ฅ์ ์ ๋น์ฉ์ด๋ค. ์ค๋ํ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํด ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋ ์งง๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋น์ฉ๋ ์ธ๋ค. ์คํํธ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ฐ์ฃผ ์์ฑ ์ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๋ ์ด์ ์ค ํ๋๋ค. ์์ ์ฒ๋ผ ์์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋ค๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค ํ์๊ฐ ์์ด์ง ๋งํผ, ๋ค์ํ ์๋น์ค ์์์ ๋์ํ๋ ์ด์ํ์์ฑ, ํ๋ธ์์ฑ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ค๋ง, ํ๋ธ์์ฑ์ ์๋ช ์ ๋น๊ต์  ์งง๋ค. 10๋  ์ ๋์ ์๋ฌด ์๋ช ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ํ๋ ๋ค๋ชฉ์  ์ค๋ํ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํด ์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ ์๋ฌด ์๋ช ์ 3๋  ์ ๋์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค. 1๋  ์ด๋ด ๊ณ ์ฅ์จ์ 58%์ ๋ฌํ๋ค. ๊ณ ์ฅ๋๋ฉด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ์ํด ๋ค์ ๋ฐ์ฌํ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ๋ฎ์ ์๋ฌด ์๋ช ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.
์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ ๋์ ๊ณ ์ฅ์จ ๋ฐ์ ํ๊ฒฝ 1์๋ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋๋ฌธ์ด๋ค. ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ (64%), ์์ธ๋ถ๋ช (21%), ํ์ํ(8%), ์๊ธฐํญํ(3%), ์ ์ฑ(2%), ์ผ์(2%) ์์ด๋ค(A Study of on-orbit spacecraft failures, Siamak Tafazoli, 2009). ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์ฑ์ ์ ์์ฅ๋น(45%), ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด(32%) ๋ฑ์ด ๊ณ ์ฅ๋๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ด๋ค. ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ด ์์ฑ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ๋์  ์์(์ฑ๋ฅ ์ ํ), ํ๋์ ๊ณ ์๋์ง ์ค์ด์จ์ด ๋ฐ๋์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ดํตํ๋ฉด์ ๋ด๋ถ ์์๋ค์ ์์น๊ฐ ๋ณํํด ๋ฐํํ๋ ์ค๋ฅ(์์ ์์น ๋ณํ), ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ด ์ ์๋ถํ์ ์นจํฌํด ํ๋ก์ ํ์ค ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ํค๋ ํ์(์๊ฐ ์ค๋ฅ) ๋ฑ์ด ์๋ค.
์ด์ํ์์ฑ ์๋ฌด ์๋ช ์ ๋๋ฆด ์ ์๋ค
์คํ์ด์ค์ค๋น์ ์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ ์๋ช ์ ๋๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ค. ์์ฑ์ ์ฃผ ๊ณ ์ฅ์์ธ์ธ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ์ํด ๋๋นํ ์ ์๋๋ก โ์ด์ํ์์ฑ ์์ฉ ์ ์๋ถํ(์ฝ์ธ , COTS) ํ์ฌ ์๋ฃจ์ (์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์ ์ ํตํ ์๋ฌด๋ณ ๋ง์ถคํ ์ฐ์ฃผํ๊ฒฝ ๋ถ์ ์๋น์ค)โ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ์ฐจํํ ์ ์๋ ์ฐจํ ํ์ฐ์ง๊ณผ ํ๋ธ์์ฑ์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
๋ฏผ๊ฒฝ๋ น ์คํ์ด์ค์ค๋น ๋ํ(์ดํ ๋ฏผ ๋ํ)๋ โ์ด์ํ์์ฑ์ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ค๋ํ์์ฑ ๋๋น ์ ๋ ดํ ๊ฐ์ฑ๋น๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ค. โ๋ ๋ง์ด, ๋ ๊ฐ๋ณ๊ฒโ ์ ์ํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์งง์ ์๋ฌด ์๋ช ์ ๊ฐ์ํด ์ ์ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๋๋ผ๋ 1๋  ๋ด 58%๋ผ๋ ๋์ ๊ณ ์ฅ์จ์ ๋ฎ์ถฐ์ผ ํ๋ ์์ ๋ค. ์ฌ์ค ์งง์ ์๋ช ๋ ๊ฐ์ ํ ์ ์๋ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์ณ์ผ ํ์ง ์๊ฒ ๋โ๋ผ๋ฉฐ, โ์ค๋ํ์์ฑ์ 10๋ ์ด๋ผ๋ ์๋ฌด ์๋ช ์ ๊ฐ์ถ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ธ ์ ์๋ถํ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง๋ง, ๊ทธ๋งํผ ๋น์ธ๋ค. ์ฑ๋ฅ๋ ์ข์ง ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์์ฉ ์ ์๋ถํ์ผ๋ก ๋์ฒดํ๋ค๋ฉด, ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ถ ์ ์๋คโ๋ผ๊ณ ๋งํ๋ค.
์ค์ ๋ก ํด์ธ ์์ฑ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ฌ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์์ฑ์ ์๋ฌด ๋ฐ ์๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์์ฉ ์ ์๋ถํ์ ํ์ฉํ๋ ์ฌ๋ก๋ ๊ณ์ ๋์ด๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฝ๊ฒ ๋งํด, ๋น์ธ๊ณ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ถํผ๊ฐ ํฐ ํํฐ์๊ธ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ธ CPU๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ PC์ ์์ฉ CPU๋ก ๋์ฒดํ๋ ์ผ์ด๋ค. ์ด์ฒ๋ผ ์์ฉ ์ ์๋ถํ์ ์ฐ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋ฑ ์ฐ์ฃผ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ค๋ฉด, ์ด์ํ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์์ฑ์ ์ ์ ๋น์ฉ์ ๋ฎ์ถ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋ ํ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ฏผ ๋ํ๋ โ์ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๋ด ์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์ ์ ์ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค. ์์ฑ ํ์ฌ์ฅ๋น, ์ด์ฉ๊ถค๋, ์ฐจํ ์๊ตฌ๋์ ๋ง์ถฐ ์๊ตฌ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ๋ถ์ํด ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์ ์ด๋ค. ์์ฑ ์ด์ฉ ๊ณ ๋๋ณ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ์ ์ข ๋ฅ๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค. ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ฐจํ ์์ฌ์ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ์ฐจํ ์์๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ๊ณ ๋๋ณ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ๋์ด ๋ค๋ฅด๋ฏ๋ก ์์ฑ ์ด์ฉ์ข ๋ฅ(๊ณ ๋)๋ณ๋ก ์ฐจํ ์ฑ๋ฅ(๋ฌด๊ฒ)๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ํด์ผ ํ๋คโ๋ผ๋ฉฐ, โ์ฐจํ ์์ฌ๋ณ ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ํก์์ ๋์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ , ์์ฉ ์ ์๋ถํ์ ํ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ ์๋ฃจ์ ์ ์ ๊ณตํ ๊ณํ์ด๋คโ๋ผ๊ณ ์ค๋ช ํ๋ค.
์ด ๊ฐ์ ๊ณํ์ ๋ง์ถฐ ์คํ์ด์ค์ค๋น์ ์ ํ์ฑ๋ฅ ์ ์ฆ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ท๋ค. ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์ฌ์ ํ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ, ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ๊ณ ์ฅ์จ ๋ถ์, ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๊ณ , ์ฐ์ฃผ๊ธ ๋ฐ๋์ฒด ์ํ์ธ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ด๊ณผ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํด ์ค๋ฅ์จ ์ํ, ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ ์ํ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์๋ฎฌ๋ ์ด์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋์ถํ ์ฐจํ ์์ฌ์ ์ ์ธต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ต์ ์ ์ฐจํ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ํ๋ ์ ์ํด ์ ๊ณตํ ์์ ์ด๋ค.
